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Research progress on in vitro effects of traditional Chinese medicine ingredients on liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferases
YAN Yuan;LI Hui-hui;PENG Pei-jin;AN Guang-tao;DENG Xiu-ping;LIU Zhi-dong;QI Dong-li;State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Nanjing Healthnice Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.;School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;UDP-glucuronosyltransferases(UGTs) are the main phase Ⅱ metabolizing enzymes in the human body, participating in the glucuronidation of various chemicals in the body. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) ingredients affect the activities of UGTs involved in drug metabolism, and the fluctuations in the blood concentrations of drugs metabolized by UGTs will lead to the risk of TCM-TCM or TCM-chemical drug interaction, which will cause drug safety problems and affect drug efficacy. Therefore, it is essential to explore the effect of TCM ingredients on the activities of UGTs. The recombinant human UGTs method and liver microsomal incubation method are reliable and effective, and they are thus often used to study the effects of TCM ingredients on UGTs in the liver. Studies have reported that different TCM ingredients can induce or inhibit the activities of UGTs, while the systematical review remains to be carried out. This paper reviews the effects of different ingredients and extracts of TCM and Chinese patent medicines on recombinant human UGTs or liver microsomal UGTs, aiming to provide reference for the rational and safe use of TCM in clinical practice. From the perspective of drug-drug interaction mediated by UGTs, the exacting classical drug pairs and incompatibility principles of traditional Chinese medicine were clarified, which laid the foundation for exploring new drug compatibility.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1229K]
Advantages and application prospects of model organism Drosophila in modern research of traditional Chinese medicine
HE Li;ZHANG Yong-xuan;LI Bo-tong;QIN Yu-jie;WU Yi-fan;LIU Yong-qi;XIU Ming-hui;HE Jian-zheng;School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine;School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine;Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation, Ministry of Education;Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is widely used to prevent and treat various diseases due to its many active ingre-dients, diverse biological activities, low side effects, and drug resistance. The classical model organism Drosophila melanogaster, with its advantages of short life cycle, simple physiological structure, low cultivation cost, and easy operation, has been widely used in the modern research of TCM through gene regulation techniques including transgenic and gene knockout techniques. In this paper, the application of Drosophila in modern research of TCM was outlined from the disease models of inflammatory bowel disease, aging, tumor, neurodegenerative disease, and sleep disorders, with a view to providing new methods and techniques for the research and application of the model organism Drosophila in the field of TCM.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1843K]
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Tissue distribution of volatile compounds in secretory cavities of different rhizome sections of wild Atractylodes lancea and A. lancea transplanted for different years
LIN Huai-bin;JIANG Dai-quan;WANG Yue-feng;LYU Chao-geng;PENG Zheng;GUO Xiu-zhi;CAO Ye;ZHANG Cheng-cai;LI Kuo;WANG Sheng;GUO Lan-ping;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University;State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Laser capture microdissection(LCM) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was employed to investigate the distribution of volatile compound in the secretory cavities of different tissues(cortex, phloem, xylem, and pith) in different rhizome sections of wild Atractylodes lancea. The same method was used to study the metabolic characteristics of the volatile compounds in the secretory cavities of different rhizome tissues of A. lancea transplanted for 1-3 years. In the rhizome of wild A. lancea, the accumulation of volatile compounds such as atractylodin, atractylon, and atractylenolide Ⅰ in the secretory cavities of the cortex was significantly higher in the middle sections(sections 2-6) than that at the two ends(sections 1 and 7). In the rhizome of A. lancea transplanted for 1 year, the volatile compounds such as atractylodin, atractylon, atractylenolideⅠ, and atractylenolide Ⅱ were mainly accumulated in the secretory cavities of the cortex. In the rhizome of A. lancea transplanted for 2 years, the tested volatile compounds except selina-4(14),7(11)-dien-8-one were enriched in the secretory cavities of all the tissues. In the rhizome of A. lancea transplanted for 3 years, atractylon, hinesol, and β-eudesmol were mainly accumulated in the secretory cavities of the pith. The overall accumulation of volatile compounds in each rhizome tissue of cultivated A. lancea increased with the increase in transplanting years. Non-targeted metabolomics and absolute quantification confirmed that the volatile compounds were mainly accumulated in the secretory cavities of the cortex in the middle rhizome sections of wild A. lancea. The accumulation in the rhizome of cultivated A. lancea presented a trend from cortex, phloem, xylem to pith over time. In this study, the spatio-temporal distribution map of volatile compounds in the rhizome of A. lancea was established.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2865K]
Transcriptome analysis of Dendrobium officinale exposed to high temperature stress
XU Zai-ping;WANG Meng-ying;SUN Fu-ying;ZHAO Wen;YANG Xin-kai;WAN Lin-chun;RAO Yi;Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine;Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drug and Medical Device Quality, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine, Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control;Jiangxi Cancer Hospital;This study aims to mine the genes of Dendrobium officinale in response to high temperature stress and explore the molecular mechanism underlying the heat tolerance of D. officinale. In this study, the D. officinale variety "Dahongshe" was exposed to high temperature for 0, 2, 6, and 12 h, and then transcriptome analysis and qPCR were carried out. The transcriptome of each sample was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 14 639 transcripts were obtained after the assembly by StringTie, with the lengths ranging from 500 bp to 2 000 bp. A total of 1 858 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) under high temperature stress in D. officinale, including 1 085 genes with upregulated expression and 773 with downregulated expression. The number of DEGs gradually increased over the time of high temperature treatment. GO enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly concentrated in transmembrane transport, responses to light, temperature, and radiation stimuli, and activity of transcription factors. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs responding to high temperature stress were mainly in the pathways of endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, phytohormone signaling pathways, and plant-pathogen interaction. qPCR was performed for 12 randomly selected DEGs, and the outcomes proved that the transcriptome data were accurate and reliable. The results provide a theoretical basis for future work on the molecular mechanism of heat tolerance and the breeding of heat-tolerant varieties of D. officinale.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2463K]
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Widely targeted metabolomics reveals differences of secondary metabolites in rhizomes of different Coptis species
YANG Si-yu;CHI Yu-jie;ZHANG Hai-qiong;MEI Yang;WANG Si-yu;LIU Di;LIU Yi-fei;School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine;Hubei Shizhen Laboratory;To deeply understand the chemical components and functional differences of the rhizomes from different Coptis species, this study employed widely targeted metabolomics for the metabolic profiling of C. chinensis, C. deltoidea, and C. teeta. A total of 658 metabolites including alkaloids, lipids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids were identified. The result of principal component analysis(PCA) revealed significant differences of the metabolites among different Coptis species. C. chinensis had a richer variety of total alkaloids than C. deltoidea and C. teeta. According to the results of orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, the differential metabolites of the three species were significantly enriched in the secondary metabolic pathways dominated by the biosynthesis of isoquinolines. The cluster analysis of shared differential metabolites showed that alkaloids accounted for the largest proportion. The content of total alkaloids in C. chinensis was significantly higher than that in C. teeta and C. deltoidea. S-Plot was employed to predict the metabolic markers and the key differential secondary metabolites related to the pharmacological effects of Coptidis Rhizoma were analyzed. The results showcased that the relative content of berberine and palmatine in C. chinensis was significantly higher than that in C. teeta and C. deltoidea, and thus the two components could serve as biomarkers for metabolic differences among the three Coptis species. This study provided basic data for the overall evaluation and breeding of Coptis resources, laying a foundation for further quality control and precise medication of Coptidis Rhizoma.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3746K]
Rapid identification of honey-processing degree of Astragali Radix based on intelligent sensory technology and multivariate statistical analyses
WU Yi;YU He-rong;NIE Xin-ru;GUO Qiang;SHEN Zhe-yuan;ZHANG Jiu-ba;LI Ming-xuan;MEI Xi;GUO Zhi-jun;GAO Bo;MAO Chun-qin;LU Tu-lin;ZHAO Xiao-li;School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine;Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule;To analyze the differences and dynamic changes in the color, odor, and major chemical components of Astragali Radix during honey processing, this study used a CM-5 spectrophotometer and Hercules NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose for analysis. High performance liquid chromatography was employed to determine the content of calycosin, calycosin-7-glucoside, formononetin, and ononin in the Astragali Radix decoction pieces processed with honey to different degrees. Multivariate statistical analyses including partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), differential factor analysis(DFA), and Bayesian discriminant analysis were adopted to differentiate the Astragali Radix decoction pieces processed with honey to different degrees and evaluate the correlations between visual characteristics and chemical composition. The results showed that chromatic values c~*, b~*, and L~* were the main color difference variables distinguishing raw and honey-processed Astragali Radix decoction pieces. The reference ranges for the chromatic values of raw and honey-processed Astragali Radix decoction pieces were determined based on these key color parameters. A total of 18 odor components were identified in Astragali Radix during the honey-processing process, with cyclohexane and dimethyl sulfoxide identified as odor markers for distinguishing Astragali Radix decoction pieces with different honey-processing degrees. The content of calycosin had a significant correlation with that of 2-methylfuran and delta-nonalactone, two odor components. This study successfully and rapidly differentiated the Astragali Radix decoction pieces processed with honey to different degrees, providing a reference for the quality control and the quality evaluation of Astragali Radix decoction pieces based on the appearance traits during the process of honey processing.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2112K]
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Prediction of mechanism of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma in intervening in cough due to cold and dampness in lung based on network pharmacology
WANG Ya-zhu;WANG Xiao-ting;TIAN Shu-qing;GAO Hui;School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Inheritance Base (Liaoning) of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine;This study employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments to investigate the mechanism of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma in treating cough due to cold and dampness in lung, aiming to provide a modern pharmacological basis for this therapy. The active ingredients of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) with the oral bioavailability(OB≥30%) and drug likeness(DL≥0.18) as the screening conditions and from the relevant literature. A library of the active ingredients of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma was established, and SwissTargetPrediction was used to predict the potential targets of the active ingredients. The western medical symptom corresponding to cough due to cold and dampness in lung was identified as acute bronchitis based on SymMap, and the targets related to acute bronchitis were obtained from GeneCards, and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM). Venny was utilized to obtain the common targets between the active ingredients and the disease, and STRING and Cytoscape were used to establish the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network for the common targets. The Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of potential therapeutic targets were performed with DAVID. AutoDock was used to simulate the molecular docking between the active ingredients with potential targets. Finally, a mouse model of acute bronchitis was prepared with the smoke plus cold stimulation method for validation. In this study, a total of 557 potential targets of the active ingredients of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were retrieved, including 157 common targets shared with acute bronchitis. The enrichment analysis yielded 1 072 GO terms and 169 KEGG pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that the active ingredients had good binding affinity with MAPK14 and MMP3, and timosaponin AⅢ showcased the strongest binding affinity among the active ingredients. In the animal experiments, other treatment groups except the low-and high-dose raw Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and the ginger decoction groups showed reduced pathological changes in the lung tissue, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration, lowered levels of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of MAPK14 and MMP3 in the lung tissue. Moreover, ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma outperformed raw Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. This study preliminarily revealed that ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma can inhibit inflammation by regulating the IL-17, TNF, and other signaling pathways to treat cough due to cold and dampness in lung, verifying the rationality of this therapy. The findings provide a basis for the inheritance and application of the characteristic ginger processing of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3044K]See AlsoSubmerged fermentation production and characterization of intracellular triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum using HPLC-ESI-MSPotenciación de producción de biomasa de cepas de Ganoderma spp. (Polyporaceae) nativas del desierto Sonorense, México, crecidas en cultivo líquido con extractos de madera de vid
A supplementary detection method and supervision strategy for adulteration of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and its preparations
WANG Xiao-lei;LEI Rong;ZHAO Zhen-xia;SU Jian;CHENG Xian-long;LIU Yong-li;MA Shuang-cheng;National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control;National Institutes for Food and Drug Control;Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission;Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and its preparations are often adulterated with Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. Based on the research on Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix, the causes and analytical method of adulteration were determined. A UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the detection of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix mixed in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, with pseudoginsenoside F_(11) as the marker. The established method can be applied in the detection of adulteration of the preparations containing Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma. The quality of the medicinal materials, decoction pieces, and preparations of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma was examined with the limit of 5% adulteration rate. The results showed 22.2% in 27 batches of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma samples and 15.6% in 32 batches of preparations exceeded the limit. In addition, the theoretical adulteration rates of 7.4% Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma samples and 12.5% preparations were between 3% and 5%. Fourteen supplementary detection methods for adulteration of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma preparations were classified into 3 types. The application scenarios, drafted methods, and precautions of each type were analyzed and summarized. It was discovered that the medicinal materials, decoction pieces, and powder of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma were commonly adulterated with those of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. Taking an adulteration rate of 5% as the limit can combat the adulteration and avoid the misjudgment caused by the high sensitivity of MS. It is suggested the general detection method and limit should be formulated, and supervision and publicity should be strengthened. The findings provide technical and data support for addressing the adulteration from the source.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1368K]
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A new flavan-3-ol from Sargentodoxae Caulis
MA Xin-hui;LIU Wen-wen;ZHANG Zhe;DONG Hong-jing;YU Jin-qian;WANG Xiao;School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences);Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of TSargentodoxae Caulis was extracted with 80% ethanol and separated by macroporous resin, MCI, and ODS column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified based on the NMR and MS data. A total of 19 compounds were identified as parabaroside D(1),(R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),(S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3), protocatechin-3-O-β-D-glucoside(4), p-hydroxybenzoate-β-D-glucopyranoside(5), gentisic-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6), vanillic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside(7), syringic acid glucoside(8), uracil(9), uridine(10), neochlorogenic acid(11), chlorogenic acid(12), cryptochlorogenic acid(13), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol glucoside(14), cuneataside A(15), cuneataside C(16), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone-4-O-β-D-apiose-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(17), proanthocyanidin B2(18), and baimantuoluoamide B(19). Compound 1 was a new flavan-3-ol, and compounds 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, and 19 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2 and 3 were a pair of epimers. Compound 14 had the highest anti-inflammatory activity.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1239K]
UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS qualitative analysis and HPLC determination of triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum spores
QIAO Ling-zhi;LU Chen-na;LIU Xiao-qian;CHEN Liang-mian;FENG Wei-hong;LIANG Yao-hua;LI Chun;WANG Zhi-min;Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;Ganoderma spores are the dry and mature spores of G. lucidum or G. sinense of Polyporaceae, with strong immunity-improving, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidant activities. Triterpenoids are one of the main active components in Ganoderma spores, while the method for determining the content of triterpenoids remains to be developed. In this paper, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was employed to qualitatively analyze the triterpenoids in G. lucidum spores, and an HPLC method was established for simultaneous determination of five triterpenoids in the spores. The comparison on the retention time, ultraviolet spectrum, and fragmentation with the reference substance in the negative ion mode revealed nine triterpenoids in G. lucidum spores. These nine triterpenoids were ganoderic acid I, ganoderenic acid C, ganoderic acid C2, ganoderic acid C6, ganoderic acid G, ganoderenic acid B, ganoderic acid B, ganoderic acid A, and ganoderic acid H. Three triterpenoids from the spores were inferred by comparison with the available articles, including lucidenic acid E,(Z)-6-[(3S,5R,7S,10S,12S,13R,14R,17R)-12-acetoxy-3,7-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-11,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenteno [α] phenanthrene-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptyl-5-enoic acid, and ganoderin A. With Ultimate HPLC XS-C_(18) column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) as the stationary phase and acetonitrile-0.072% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase, gradient elution was carried out at a flow rate of 1.2 mL·min~(-1), detection wavelength of 257 nm, and column temperature of 40 ℃. These conditions enabled the simultaneously quantitative analysis of the five triterpenoids, and the results of methodological investigation showed that the method met the requirements of content determination. Ganoderenic acid C, ganoderic acid C2, ganoderic acid C6, ganoderenic acid B, and ganoderic acid H showed a good linear relationship(R~2>0.999) within the concentration ranges of 0.93-16.08, 3.44-23.88, 4.28-59.40, 1.40-16.16, and 3.53-61.20 μg·mL~(-1), respectively, with the average recovery rate of 79.53%-93.60% and RSD of 4.7%-7.6%. The content of the five triterpenoids in 15 batches of raw spores and 4 batches of sporoderm-broken spores from different habitats was within the ranges of 0.44-16.25 μg·g~(-1) and 0.52-3.57 μg·g~(-1), respectively, which showed a large difference. The method established in this paper was simple and reliable and could be used for the accurate determination of triterpenoids in G. lucidum spores, which provides a methodological basis for the quality evaluation of G. lucidum spores.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1529K]
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Analysis of inorganic elements in Bambusae Concretio Silicea based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
YU Chun-xia;KONG Xiang-he;REN Guang-xi;XU Yu-bin;JIANG Dan;LIU Chun-sheng;Henan Provincial Center for Drug Evaluation and Inspection;Beijing University of Chinese Medicine;Hebei Jujing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.;Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was employed to determine the content of 25 inorganic elements in Bambusae Concretio Silicea, and the elemental fingerprint was established according to the element content. SPSS 20.0 and SIMCA 14.1 were used for chemometric analysis. A total of 25 elements were detected in Bambusae Concretio Silicea, including boron(B), sodium(Na), magnesium(Mg), aluminum(Al), potassium(K), calcium(Ca), scandium(Sc), vanadium(V), chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), cobalt(Co), nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), gallium(Ga), arsenic(As), selenium(Se), zirconium(Zr), molybdenum(Mo), cadmium(Cd), indium(In), barium(Ba), plumbum(Pb), and bismuth(Bi), among which 13 elements were quantitative. The top three elements in terms of average content were K>Fe>Na, and the content of B, Na, Al, Ca, Fe, and Ba varied in different batches of Bambusae Concretio Silicea samples from different origins. The correlation coefficient between Ca and Mg was the highest, followed by that between Mn and Zn, both of which showed significant positive correlations. Therefore, it was hypothesized that there was a synergistic incremental relationship between Ca and Mg as well as between Mn and Zn. According to the results of principal component analysis, Fe, As, Ni, Cu, Mn, Na, Mg, Ca, Al, Ba, and B were the main elements of Bambusae Concretio Silicea. According to the results of orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, Cu, As, and Mn were the common differential elements of three origins, which suggested that the quantitative identification of Cu, As, and Mn could roughly distinguish the three batches of Bambusae Concretio Silicea samples. This study analyzed the elements and their content in different batches of Bambusae Concretio Silicea samples, aiming to provide theoretical support for exploring the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Bambusae Concretio Silicea and lay a foundation for the quality evaluation, safe application, and resource development and utilization of Bambusae Concretio Silicea.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1389K]
Protective effect of Polygonati Rhizoma aqueous extract on gastric mucosal injury in mice induced by overtaking pungent substances and alcohol via TRAF1/ASK1/JNK pathway
DONG Zi-mo;WEI Ke-jian;ZHANG Wen-long;ZHANG Hui-wen;ZHOU Heng-pu;CHEN Yu-lan;LYU Gui-yuan;SU Jie;School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University;This study aims to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of Polygonati Rhizoma aqueous extract in protecting mice from gastric mucosal injury(stomach Yin deficiency). ICR mice were administrated with the mixture of pungent substance extract and alcohol by gavage once a day for 6 weeks to establish the mouse model of gastric mucosal injury with gastric Yin deficiency. The modeled mice were randomized into three groups of model and Polygonati Rhizoma aqueous extract administrated at 0.5 g·kg~(-1) and 1.0 g·kg~(-1) according to the body weight. The mice were then continuously administrated with the molding agent once a day, and those in the Polygonati Rhizoma aqueous extract groups were additionally administrated the extract for 7 weeks. During this period, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome indicators related to gastric Yin deficiency were tested. After the last administration, the gastric tissue was collected to observe the histomorphological changes. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in the gastric homogenate were measured, and the levels and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the gastric tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The expression levels of proteins in the tumor necrosis factor receptor(TNFR)-associated factor 1(TRAF1)/apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1(ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) pathway were determined by Western blot, and those of apoptosis factors were determined by immunofluorescence. The results showed that the Polygonati Rhizoma aqueous extract alleviated the stomach Yin deficiency in mice, ameliorated gastric mucosal lesions, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the gastric tissue(P<0.05, P<0.01), lowered the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the gastric tissue(P<0.05, P<0.01), down-regulated the expression levels of proteins in the TRAF1/ASK1/JNK pathway(P<0.01) and pro-apoptotic factors in the gastric tissue, and up-regulated the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2). The results suggested that the Polygonati Rhizoma aqueous extract could alleviate the symptoms of stomach Yin deficiency, such as hunger without desire to eat, thirst, and dry stool, and mitigate the gastric mucosal injury caused by overtaking pungent substances and alcohol by inhibiting the TRAF1/ASK1/JNK pathway to reduce apoptosis and inflammation in the gastric tissue.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 4615K]
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Mechanism of Yuzhi Zhixue Granules in treating polycystic ovary syndrome in rats
ZHANG Cong-hui;WEI Fang-jiao;WANG Xiu-wen;WANG Kun;LI Meng;WANG En-li;YAO Jing-chun;School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;School of Medicine, Ocean University of China;State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.;Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine,Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.;This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect of Yuzhi Zhixue Granules on polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) in rats and explain the underlying mechanism by metabolomics. Rats were randomized into normal, model, low-, medium-, and high-dose(0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) Yuzhi Zhixue Granules, and positive control(metformin, 0.2 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) groups. The rats in other groups except the normal group were administrated with 1 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) letrozole and fed with a high-sugar and high-fat diet for the modeling of PCOS. After 40 days of modeling, the normal and model groups received distilled water and letrozole+distilled water, respectively, and other groups received letrozole and corresponding drugs, once a day for 50 days. The oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) was carried out and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was conducted to detect insulin release, and the radioimmunoassay was employed to measure the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), estradiol(E_2), and testosterone(T). The serum levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), and triglyceride(TG) were determined by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The pathological changes in the ovary were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The protein levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B(Akt), and their phosphorylated forms in the ovary were determined by Western blot. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) was employed to study the fecal and serum metabolites in the rat model of PCOS. The results showed that compared with the model group, drug administration repaired the impaired glucose tolerance, enhanced the insulin sensitivity, elevated the serum levels of HDL-C and E_2, lowered the serum levels of TG and T, ameliorated the pathological changes in the ovarian tissue, and up-regulated the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt in the ovarian tissue. A total of 46 differential metabolites and 10 metabolic pathways in the fecal samples were screened out, which were mainly related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and tyrosine metabolism. In terms of the serum metabolism, 34 differential metabolites and 15 metabolic pathways were screened out, mainly related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and aminoacyl-tRNA. In conclusion, Yuzhi Zhixue Granules can alleviate the disorders of glucose, lipids, and sex hormones and improve the ovarian status in the rat model of PCOS by regulating the serum and fecal metabolism and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3092K]
Mechanism of Qijia Rougan Decoction and its disassembled formulas on regulation of VEGF/SRF/c-FOS pathway and improvement of hepatic sinusoidal capillaryization in rats with hepatic fibrosis
LIU Jin;XU Xin-yi;LIU Ji-bin;FENG Quan-sheng;SU Yue;Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;This study aims to reveal the mechanism of Qijia Rougan Decoction(QJRG) and its disassembled formulas in mitigating hepatic fibrosis via the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)/serum response factor(SRF)/c-FOS pathway and hepatic sinusoidal capillarization. Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomized into a control group(n=6) and a modeling group(n=28). Hepatic fibrosis was induced by subcutaneous injection of 40% carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) in olive oil. The successfully modeled rats were grouped as follows: model(n=7), QJRGF(n=6), disassembled formula for benefiting Qi and nourishing blood(YQYX, n=6), and disassembled formula for resolving stasis and dredging collaterals(HYTL, n=6). The rats in the YQYX, HYTL, and QJRG groups were administrated with corresponding medicines by gavage, while those in the control group and the model group were treated by gavage of normal saline. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed, and serum and liver samples were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were employed to observe inflammation and fibrosis, respectively, in the liver tissue. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were measured to assess the liver function. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and collagen Ⅰ in the liver tissue were measured to evaluate the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs). The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR-2), SRF, c-FOS, cluster of differentiation 31(CD31), and von willebrand factor(vWF) in the liver tissue were measured. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was employed to observe the morphology of the fenestrae in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs) to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antifibrotic effects of QJRG and its disassembled formulas. Compared with the model group, QJRG, YQYX, and HYTL mitigated the pathological changes in the liver tissue, reduced the ALT and AST levels and liver index(P<0.01), and lowered the α-SMA and collagen Ⅰ levels in the liver tissue(P<0.01). QJRG, YQYX, and HYTL were capable of maintaining the fenestrae morphology of LSECs and down-regulating the protein and mRNA levels of CD31 and vWF in the liver tissue(P<0.05). Moreover, they down-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of VEGFA, SRF, and c-FOS(P<0.05) and restored the protein and mRNA level of VEGFR-2(P<0.05). QJRG outperformed its disassembled formulas(P<0.05). In summary, QJRG and its disassembled formulas can restore the liver function, mitigate pathological damage, inhibit the activation of HSCs, and alleviate hepatic fibrosis and sinusoidal capillarization by regulating the VEGF/SRF/c-FOS signaling pathway. QJRG outperforms HYTL, which suggests that the combination of nourishing and dredging has positive significance in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis and sinusoidal capillarization.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 3933K]
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Prediction of anti-gastric cancer effect of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix by network pharmacology and in vivo validation
TANG Yun-li;ZHANG Hui-qiong;SUN Chen;WANG Dai-bo;MA Qiao-ling;WANG Su-juan;GU Jian-hao;XIE Xiao-fang;PENG Cheng;State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Key Laboratory of Neuro-Metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Guangxi Universities, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;This study investigated the anti-gastric cancer activity and mechanism of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(Panax quinquefolium L.), and preliminarily compared the in vivo anti-gastric cancer efficacy of American-imported(JK-AG) and domestically produced(Shandong) Panacis Quinquefolii Radix decoctions(SD-AG). Based on network pharmacology predictions, a LUC-MGC803 cell ectopic gastric cancer nude mouse model was established. Mice were administered JK-AG and SD-AG at 1 g·kg~(-1) via gavage for 21 consecutive days. The positive control group received intraperitoneal injections of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) at 20 mg·kg~(-1) every other day. Tumor volume was measured during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, high-resolution ultrasound imaging was used to measure tumor size, and an in vivo imaging system was used to observe tumor fluorescence expression. Tumor tissues were excised, weighed, and subjected to pathological histological examination. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay and TUNEL+caspase-1 fluorescence double staining were used to detect tissue apoptosis and caspase-1 expression. Immunohistochemistry(IHC), Western blot(WB), and quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR) techniques were used to detect the expression of predicted key proteins and genes involved in apoptosis and pyroptosis in tumor tissues. Network pharmacology predictions indicated that Panacis Quinquefolii Radix had anti-gastric cancer activity, primarily due to its ginsenoside components. Apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α activation and caspase-1 may be key molecular mechanisms of its anti-cancer effects. In in vivo anti-tumor studies, compared to the model group, JK-AG and SD-AG did not affect the body weight or organ indices of the mice, whereas 5-FU significantly reduced body weight(P<0.05) and increased lung and liver indices(P<0.05). The tumor inhibition rates of JK-AG and SD-AG were 29.76% and 27.97%, respectively, which were lower than that of 5-FU. However, both JK-AG and SD-AG significantly reduced tumor tissue fluorescence intensity and three-dimensional tumor volume(P<0.05 or P<0.01). HE staining results showed that the drug groups had larger areas of tumor tissue necrosis. TUNEL and TUNEL+caspase-1 fluorescence staining indicated that both groups induced tumor cell apoptosis and increased caspase-1 expression. Both JK-AG and SD-AG significantly increased the expression of cleaved-caspase-8 and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins in tumor tissues detected by IHC and WB, as well as the mRNA expression of TNF-α, caspase-8, and caspase-9 detected by PCR, while reducing B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) protein expression. IHC showed that SD-AG increased the expression of TNF-α, caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-9, and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1) proteins more significantly than JK-AG, and also increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, whereas JK-AG increased Bax mRNA expression more significantly than SD-AG. Additionally, JK-AG and SD-AG significantly increased the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, Gasdermin D(GSDMD), cleaved-GSDMD, IL-18, Gasdermin E(GSDME), and GSDME-NT proteins and the mRNA expression of caspase-1 and GSDME. JK-AG increased cleaved-caspase-1 protein expression more significantly than SD-AG in WB analysis. At the same time, JK-AG increased the expression of GSDMD mRNA, which was significantly higher than that of SD-AG group. For GSDME-NT protein expression, SD-AG increased it more significantly than JK-AG. The above studies indicate that Panacis Quinquefolii Radix has anti-gastric cancer effects, and the efficacy of American and Shandong ginsengs is comparable. Their mechanisms are related to TNF-α-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathways and the induction of pyroptosis. The sensitivity of their action targets varies between American and Shandong ginsengs.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 5980K]
Mechanism of Huangqin Decoction in repairing intestinal barrier of ulcerative colitis by regulating tryptophan metabolism and activating AhR
CEN Shui-mei;ZOU Ying;ZENG Jia-yang;LI Rou-de;ZHAO Jing-mei;LIAO Xiao-xia;CHENG Jin-peng;CHI Hong-gang;the First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University;the Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University;Liaobu Hospital, Guangdong Medical University;This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of Huangqin Decoction(HQD) in treating ulcerative colitis(UC) by investigating the relationship between tryptophan metabolism and intestinal barriers. In the in vivo experiments, 3% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) was used to induce a mouse model of acute colitis, with mesalazine as a positive control. The therapeutic effect of HQD on mice with UC was evaluated according to body weight, disease activity index(DAI), colon length, and pathological changes. Targeted metabolomics was used to detect the concentration of tryptophan and its metabolites in mouse feces. Western blot and RT-qPCR techniques were used to assess the expression levels of colonic aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR), myosin light chain kinase(MLCK), myo-sin light chain(MLC), and p-MLC. Serum FITC-dextran concentration, bacterial culture of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, as well as fluorescence probe in situ hybridization technique were used to evaluate intestinal epithelial permeability. Alcian blue and nuclear fast red staining, Western blot, and RT-qPCR techniques were used to detect the expression of mucin secreted by the mouse′s intestinal epithelial goblet cells. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe the connections of the mouse′s intestinal epithelial cells. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, and RT-qPCR techniques were used to assess the expression of tight junction proteins in the mouse′s intestinal epithelium. In the in vitro experiments, lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was used to induce intestinal epithelial barrier injury model in Caco2 cells, and AhR siRNA was used to further clarify the mechanism of HQD in activating AhR to improve intestinal barrier function. The results demonstrated that HQD effectively alleviated symptoms and pathological changes in the colon of DSS-induced mice with colitis. Treatment with HQD could regulate tryptophan metabolism in the feces of mice with colitis, activate AhR, and improve the intestinal epithelial barrier. Additionally, the results of the in vitro experiments confirmed that HQD could restore the expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal epithelium of colitis cells by activating AhR to regulate the MLCK/p-MLC signaling pathway.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2500K]
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Protection of vasodilatory function in rats with post-infarction heart failure by salvianolic acid B via modulating Piezo1 channel
YANG Li-li;CAO Ce;KANG Jing;LIU Zi-xin;MENG Hong-xu;LIU Jian-xun;LI Lei;Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases;Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine;To explore the regulation of vasodilatory function in rats with post-infarction heart failure by salvianolic acid B(Sal-B) based on the mechanosensitive ion channel, namely Piezo1. A post-infarction heart failure model of rats was prepared by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into the model group, Sal-B group(0.5 g·kg~(-1)), and sham-operated group, and they were gavaged for 14 days, once a day. At the end of the experiment, echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function indexes such as LVEF, LVFS, SV, and CO in rats; biochemical analysis was used to detect serum CK, CK-MB, and LHD activities; ELISA was used to detect serum ANP, BNP, and AngⅡ contents; TTC staining was used to observe the myocardial infarction area, and the thoracic aorta was taken to perform an ex vivo vascular ring test, so as to determine endothelium-dependent dilation(EDD) and endothelium-independent dilation(EID) of different groups. The effects of Piezo1 channel agonist(Yoda1) and inhibitor(Dooku1) on EDD and EID were detected; Masson staining was performed to observe the structural changes of the thoracic aorta; immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the protein expression of Piezo1 and CD31 in the thora-cic aorta of the rats, and Western blot was performed to detect the expression level of Piezo1 in the vessel. The results showed that compared with those of the model group, the LVEF, LVFS, CO, and SV of the Sal-B group were significantly increased, and the myocardial infarction area was reduced. The activities of serum CK, CK-MB, and LDH were decreased, and the levels of ANP, BNP, and AngⅡ were down-regulated. The EDD and EID of the thoracic aorta were improved, and the expression of Piezo1 in the vascular endothelial cells of the rats with post-infarction heart failure was increased to enhance the responsiveness of Yoda1 to EDD, and the Piezo1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells was up-regulated to increase the responsiveness of Dooku1 to EID. In conclusion, Sal-B can improve cardiac function and protect vasodilatory function in rats with post-infarction heart failure, and its effect may be related to the expression of Piezo1 in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2166K]
Effects of different fractions of Polygonati Rhizoma on reproductive dysfunction in male mice with kidney essence deficiency
FU Meng;YU Jing-jing;YAN Mei-qiu;SU Jie;ZHENG Jia-yi;HU Xue-ling;LYU Gui-yuan;CHEN Jian-zhen;School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University;This study aims to reveal the effects and mechanisms of different fractions of Polygonati Rhizoma on the reproductive dysfunction in male mice with kidney essence deficiency due to excess of sexual intercourse. Fifty male ICR mice with good sexual function were selected and randomized into normal(NC), model(MC), n-butanol fraction of Polygonati Rhizoma(0.4 g·kg~(-1), HJCT), remaining fraction of Polygonati Rhizoma(0.4 g·kg~(-1), HJSY), and ultra-micro powder of Polygonati Rhizoma(1.0 g·kg~(-1), HJCW) groups. The Coolidge effect was used to induce excess of sexual intercourse in the mice, and a mouse model of reproductive dysfunction with kidney essence deficiency was established. The mice were administrated with corresponding drugs at the same time of modeling for 8 consecutive weeks. The anal temperature, grip strength, locomotor activities, weight-bearing swimming time, and sexual behaviors(catching, straddling, and ejaculation) were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of testosterone(T), luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), cortisol(COR), gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH), and estradiol(E_2) in the serum and the content of fructose in seminal plasma. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to observe the pathological changes in the testicular tissue. The sperm quality was evaluated based on the density, viability, survival rate, and deformation rate of sperms. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of proteins involved in proliferation and apoptosis in the testicular tissue. The results showed that HJCT, HJSY, and HJCW significantly increased the grip strength, anal temperature, locomotor activities, weight-bearing swimming time, and sexual behaviors, elevated the serum levels of T, LH, GnRH, and E_2, lowered the levels of COR and FSH, and increased the wet weight of the testicular tissue in the model mice. In addition, they increased the density, viability, and survival and reduced the deformation rate of sperms, increased the content of fructose in the seminal plasma, alleviated the pathological changes and inhibited apoptosis in the testicular tissue in the model mice. HJCT was superior to HJSY and HJCW in ameliorating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis(HPGA) disorder, enhancing sexual behaviors, and improving sperm quality. HJCW outperformed HJCT and HJSY in inhibiting apoptosis in the testicular tissue. In conclusion, HJCT, HJSY, and HJCW can improve the reproductive function and inhibit apoptosis in the testicular tissue of the male mice with kidney essence deficiency by ameliorating the HPGA disorder.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2352K]
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Comparison on pharmacokinetics of six active components of Tripterygium wilfordii Polyglycosides Tablets between normal rats and rat model of adjuvant arthritis
BIAN Xi-xian;JI Xiang-yu;TAO Xi-yu;XU Li-ting;RUAN Xin-yi;XIE Yi-rong;JI Yan-ping;LIU Guo-qiang;ZHENG Yong-xia;HAN Feng;ZHANG Xiao-ping;ZHAN Shu-yu;College of Medicine, Jiaxing University;School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University;Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University;This work aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of six major blood-entering components(triptolide, triptophenolide, wilforgine, wilforine, tripterine, and wilforlide A) in Tripterygium wilfordii Polyglycosides Tablets(TWPT) between normal rats and the rat model of adjuvant arthritis, which was established by injection of Freund′s complete adjuvant. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) was employed to determine the content of six main components in the serum samples of normal and arthritic rats after administration of TWPT, and the pharmacokinetics of the six components were compared between normal and model rats. The specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, extraction recovery and matrix effect of the established LC-MS method all met the requirements. Compared with normal rats, the model rats showed significantly prolonged t_(1/2) and MRT_(0-∞) of wilforgine, significantly shortened t_(1/2) and MRT_(0-∞) of wilforlide A, and no significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of the other four components in vivo. The results indicated that adjuvant arthritis had different effects on the pharmacokinetics of different active components of TWPT in vivo. The findings provide guidance for the rational clinical application of TWPT and the secondary development of related products.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1467K]
HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology reveal absorbed components of Bufei Pills, potential in treating respiratory disorders, and mechanism in recovery stage of COVID-19
YANG Li;LI Meng-ying;HU Wen-qing;WENG Xiao-gang;LIAN Xiao-mei;ZHANG Mei-yu;YAN Han;PENG Juan;SUN Jian;Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;Shenyang Pharmaceutical University;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine;This study employed the methods of serum chemistry, in vivo drug distribution analysis, and network pharmacology to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of Bufei Pills on respiratory disorders and decipher the underlying mechanisms. For the in vivo distribution study, rats were administrated with Bufei Pills, and the absorbed components were analyzed by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The results showed that 56 components were present in the rat serum, including neocyclomorusin, asterinin A, neoisostegane, goimisin R, and frehmaglutoside H. These components were absorbed orally into the blood and distributed in various organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and pancreas as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid. The network pharmacological analysis identified 81 core targets such as ALB, IL6, AKT1, TNF, EGFR, ESR1, JUN, and HSP90AA1. These targets were involved in signaling pathways such as PI3K-AKT, MAPK, VEGFA, and AGE-RAGE. These findings suggested that Bufei Pills might be effective in treating respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumonia as well as COPD complications such as diabetes and depression by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolism, and immune function via the targets. In addition, Bufei Pills play a role in alleviating the shortness of breath, fatigue, and bodily pain during the recovery stage of COVID-19. Further research and development are needed to fully evaluate the potential of Bufei Pills.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 2189K]
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Evidence mapping analysis of clinical studies in treatment of chronic kidney disease with traditional Chinese medicine in recent ten years
LI Qing-ru;GE Zi-hao;HUANG Si-yu;ZHANG Lin-qi;LI Bin-yi;the Eighth Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine;Shenzhen Bao′an Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy Hospital;the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine;Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has significant advantages in treatment of chronic kidney disease, but its clinical research evidence needs to be further summarized and improved. By means of evidence mapping, this paper systematically categorized the clinical research on TCM in treating chronic kidney disease in recent ten years, so as to understand the existing evidence level in this field and offer a reference for addressing current issues. The relevant literature published between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2023 was systematically searched in both Chinese and English databases. Literature screening and information sorting were carried out by two researchers, respectively, and data were presented by combining text descriptions with graphs to clearly reveal the distribution of evidence. A total of 1 414 relevant literature were included, including 1 301 intervention studies, 77 observational studies, 30 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, and 6 guidelines/consensus. The overall number of literature remained stable, but the trend decreased slightly in recent two years. The intervention methods were mainly oral administration of TCM, and the intervention course was mainly 1-3 months. The literature involved a total of 55 kinds of TCM formula and 29 kinds of Chinese patent medicine, with Shenqi Dihuang Decoction, Jiawei Liuwei Dihuang Decoction, Zhenwu Decoction, Hei Dihuang Pills, and Niaoduqing Granules accounting for the highest proportion. The types of syndrome included in relevant literature were mainly spleen and kidney deficiency. Outcome indicators paid more attention to renal function and safety and less attention to clinical symptoms/signs and ultrasound results. Most randomized controlled trials had an "unknown risk of bias", and the quality scores of systematic review/Meta-analysis were mostly 4-7 points. The result shows that in the field of chronic kidney disease treatment, TCM has carried out many small-scale and short-term studies and has made a lot of progress. In clinical application, a cautious and scientific attitude should be held to verify and explore more effective treatment schemes.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 5525K]
Clinical comprehensive evaluation of Jiangzhi Tongluo Soft Capsules for treating hyperlipidemia (syndrome of blood stasis and Qi stagnation)
LU Zhen-kai;LIU Fu-mei;ZHANG Xu-ming;WANG Ya-xing;XIE Yan-ming;Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;This study provides a systematic review of existing evidence concerning the efficacy of Jiangzhi Tongluo Soft Capsules(JTSC) in treating hyperlipidemia(syndrome of blood stasis and Qi stagnation), following the Guidelines for clinical evidence and value assessment of drugs. The qualitative and quantitative methods were integrated, including questionnaire surveys, evidence-based medicine, and pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA) model was used for comprehensive assessment of the clinical evidence and value of JTSC for hyperlipidemia in "6+1" dimensions: safety, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, innovation, suitability, accessibility, and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) characteristics. The safety evidence was sufficient and the results of the known risk assessment indicated that JTSC was safe and had a sufficient safety profile. Meta-analysis showed that JTSC recovered patients′ triglyceride levels(RR=-0.25, 95%CI[-0.41,-0.10], P=0.001). JTSC had similar efficacy to simvastatin Tablets(RR=1.11, 95%CI[0.96, 1.27], P=0.15) and Zhibituo Tablets(RR=1.07, 95%CI[0.99, 1.16], P=0.10) in restoring blood lipid levels. JTSC outperformed Xuezhikang Capsules in recovering blood lipid levels(RR=1.44, 95%CI[1.17, 1.76], P=0.000 6). According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE) system, the evidence was rated as grade C, and the overall evaluation of the quality and value of the evidence indicated that the effectiveness evidence of this product was fairly sufficient. Markov economic model was established, and the results suggested that JTSC was more economical than Pushen Capsules. Considering the incremental effect and the cost of the intervention scheme, JTSC had good cost effectiveness. The innovation of JTSC was evaluated based on three primary indicators and eighteen secondary indicators, which suggested the evidence of innovation for JTSC was abundant. The information of Chinese patent medicines of JTSC was complete, and the survey results showed that the drug was suitable for clinicians, nurses, pharmacists, and patients. The comprehensive evaluation suggested that JTSC had abundant evidence of suitability. The accessibility of a drug mainly involves the price, availability, and affordability of the drug. The tender price of JTSC was 0.72 yuan/capsule, and the treatment cost after refund accounted for 0.08% of the median household disposable income of urban residents and 0.31% of the median household disposable income of rural residents. The evidence of accessibility was abundant. The TCM characteristics of JTSC were prominent. CSC v2.0 was used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value in the "6+1" dimensions, which yielded a score of 0.69, indicating sufficient evidence for the clinical comprehensive value of this drug. According to the evaluation results of each dimension and the comprehensive evaluation score, it is believed that the clinical value evidence of JTSC in treatment of hyperlipidemia(syndrome of blood stasis and Qi stagnation) is sufficient. It is suggested that high-quality evidence-based research should be carried out on the treatment of hyperlipidemia with JTSC, and contraindications in pregnant women should be added in the section of contraindications of the product instruction.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1363K]
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Expert consensus in clinical application of Bailemian Capsules in treatment of insomnia
Expert Group of Psychosomatic Medicine Branch of China Association of Chinese Medicine;Bailemian Capsules, as a proprietary Chinese medicine suitable for insomnia of Yin deficiency and fire-excess type, is currently widely used in psychosomatic diseases such as short-term insomnia, chronic insomnia, post-stroke insomnia, and insomnia with anxiety and depression, and it has been recommended by a number of consensus/guidelines/paths. Based on expert interviews, questionnaire surveys, and a systematic review of research literature related to Bailemian Capsules, this paper followed the "evidence-based, consensus-oriented, and experience-reliant" principle and fully combined expert experience and patient preferences on the basis of the best available evidence. According to the characteristics of Bailemian Capsules and the actual clinical situation, 7 recommendations and 12 consensuses were made for the treatment of insomnia, chronic insomnia with anxiety and depression, and insomnia of special populations with Bailemian Capsules alone and combined drugs. During the drafting of the consensus, online and offline opinions were solicited, and peer reviews were collected nationwide. This consensus is applicable to doctors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), western medicine, and integrated Chinese and western medicine in hospitals at all levels, as well as clinicians in grassroots health service institutions, providing guidance and reference for the rational use of Bailemian Capsules. It aims to guide and standardize the reasonable use of Bailemian Capsules by clinicians and improve clinical efficacy and safety. The consensus has passed the review of the China Association of Chinese Medicine and has been published, numbered GS/CACM 329-2023.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1111K]
Construction and content introduction of implementation standard of health technology assessment in traditional Chinese medicine
WU Xue;WANG Wen-ya;LIAO Xing;WANG Yong-yan;Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;This study aims to establish the implementation standard of health technology assessment(HTA) in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), so as to promote the scientific and standardized implementation and application of HTA in TCM for high-quality decision-making. Based on the published HTA method guidelines, the literature analysis and expert consensus method were used to establish the implementation standard of HTA in TCM with implementation steps, assessment domains, and reporting checklists as the main content. A total of 41 HTA guidelines were included. After statistical induction and 4 consensus meetings, the preliminary standard of HTA in TCM was formed, and a complete TCM HTA implementation standard was established after two rounds of Delphi method, including 10 implementation steps(1 optional step and 9 necessary steps), 7 assessment domains(7 domains, 19 criteria and 37 sub-criteria, with 2 specific criteria and 5 specific sub-criteria for TCM diagnosis and treatment equipment or protocol health technologies), and 16 items in the reporting checklists. This study constructed a universal HTA implementation standard in TCM and incorporated patient perspectives. The implementation standard was normative, scientific, compatible, and considering the particularity of TCM. At the same time, the implementation standard was explained in detail, providing a reference for the practical application of HTA in TCM.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1259K]
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Textual research on Zitan
MU Fang-yuan;LI Kun-yu;TIAN Jia-xin;ZHANG Jing;MA Hai-guang;ZHANG Jin;GAO Feng;LI Jing;Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;Hebei Baicaokangshen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.;In recent years, with the continuous deepening of the theory of Wu Yun Liu Qi, the application of Zitan in Shenping Decoction and Shengming Decoction has gradually become widespread. Because Zitan is an imported herbal medicine, it is not commonly used in modern medicine and known as an unusual medicinal material. The unclear original plants may affect the clinical application of this medicine. This study reviewed the ancient Chinese books of materia medica and analyzed the records about Zitan in various aspects with consideration to the introduction and cultivation of Santalum album and leguminous rosewood and the history of furniture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Comprehensive textual research was carried out regarding the nomenclature, producing area, original plant, and efficacy. The results indicated that Zitan had a long history of application. The ancient Chinese books of materia medica recorded that Zitan was mainly distributed in Southeast Asian countries, with a salty taste and a cold nature, entering the blood. It was primarily used to treat toxin-and wind-related conditions and wounds and stop bleeding. With the rise of hardwood furniture in the Ming Dynasty, various leguminous rosewood species were imported into China. Because of the purple color, Pterocarpus santalinus and P. indicus were mistakenly named Zitan, leading to confused original plants of this medicine. Consequently, after the Qing Dynasty, these leguminous rosewood plants started to be used medicinally. This textual research confirms that the Zitan used as a traditional Chinese medicine refers to a purple variant of S. album rather than P. santalinus or P. indicus. This clarification narrows the scope of identification and supports the clinical application of Zitan.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1142K]
Suggestions for revision of quality standards of red yeast rice for medicinal and edible purposes in China
MA Yue;GAO Hui-min;ZHANG Yu-bo;LI Le-yuan;LIU Xiao-qian;WANG Zhi-min;Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences;Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;Henan University of Chinese Medicine;Red yeast rice(RYR) is fermented rice with a long history of medicinal and edible purposes in China. RYR has gained global popularity, particularly in South and Southeast Asia, Europe, and America, due to its blood lipid-lowering effect and abundant edible natural pigments. However, concerns have been aroused regarding the safety of RYR due to increasing reports on the side effects and toxicity associated with statins and mycotoxins in RYR. This review summarizes the chemical composition, bioactivity, and toxicity of RYR while discussing its safety concerns. Additionally, this review systematically analyzes the quality control standards for RYR in China as well as internationally. Several key issues have been identified in the quality standards in China. Specifically, taking lovastatin as the active component needs to be reconsidered, and the limits of citrinin and aflatoxin in the national and local standards remain to be unified. In view of these issues, it is suggested that all the standards should specify the limits of monacolin K, citrinin and aflatoxin. The medicines containing RYR should have limits about the total content of monacolin K(acid and ester forms) and the content or proportion of the ester form. In addition, the limits about the content of monascin and ankaflavin should be established for the lipid-lowering medicines. For all the food, healthcare products, and food additives with RYR as the raw material, limits about the total content of monacolins should be developed. Specifically, the content in the RYR raw material should be no more than 0.20 μg·g~(-1). The highest limits of citrinin at 0.050 μg·g~(-1) and aflatoxin(G_1+G_2+B_1+B_2) at 0.005 0 μg·g~(-1) should be established in the quality standards of RYR for medicinal and edible purposes. In addition, addition, efforts should be made to improve the quality control system for solid-state fermentation of RYR. The suggestions above provide a basis for relevant departments to revise the quality standards of RYR, aiming to improve the quality of RYR and safeguarding the public health and safety concerning food and drug consumption.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1488K]
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Current status, challenges, and development trends in intelligent manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine solid preparations
WANG Zi-qian;LI Yuan-hui;WANG Xue-cheng;LUO Xiao-rong;WANG Le-yun;WAN Yong;WU Zhen-feng;Key Laboratory of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine;Jiangxi Drug Inspection Center;National Key Laboratory of Creation of Modern Chinese Medicine with Classical Formulas;China Resources Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.;Jinagxi Xinglin Baima Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.;The intelligent manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) solid preparations is an important direction in the current development of the TCM industry. TCM enterprises are fervently pursuing intelligent manufacturing and digital transformation, and new equipment and technologies are empowering the development of this industry. With the rapid development of the global pharmaceutical market, the manufacturing level of large-scale drugs represents the advancement in the pharmaceutical industry of a country. Solid preparations, being a main dosage form of TCM, have complex and diverse manufacturing processes and stringent quality control requirements. A number of enterprises are seizing the opportunity to reshape their original drug manufacturing processes, making lean improvement in drug quality and achieving key breakthroughs in drug sensory perception, quality recognition, value transfer, and intelligent control. They are moving towards goals of energy saving, equipment synergy, and simultaneous improvement in quality and efficiency. Promoting the intelligent manufacturing of TCM solid preparations can not only improve the production efficiency and drug quality but also solve control challenges, being of significant practical importance and offering broad development prospects. By reviewing the recent policies and studies on TCM manufacturing in China, this paper analyzes the challenges, current status, and development trends in the intelligent manufacturing of TCM solid preparations, providing a reference for subsequent research in this field.
2024 20 v.49 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1520K] 下载本期数据
